基于叶绿素荧光光谱分析的稻瘟病害预测模型

为了实现稻瘟病的快速、准确和无损检测,力求构建稻瘟病害预测模型。根据水稻叶片相对病害面积将稻瘟病划分为3个等级,通过激光诱导法采集不同病害等级的活体水稻叶片叶绿素荧光光谱。选取502～830 nm波段激光诱导叶绿素荧光光谱(LICF)作为研究对象,利用Savitzky-Golay平滑法(SG)和一阶导数变换(FDT)对光谱信息进行预处理,通过主成分分析(PCA)方法获取经SG-FDT预处理后光谱的特征向量,根据累积贡献率和方差选取前3个主成分进行分析。将试验样本分为建模样本和检验样本,以稻瘟病害等级为预测指标,利用建模样本的133片叶片的光谱和病害信息分别结合判别分析(DA)、多类逻辑回归分析(MLRA)和多层感知器(MLP)建立稻瘟病的预测模型,利用检验样本的89片叶片的光谱和病害信息对所建模型进行预测检验,完成对PCA-DA、PCA-MLRA和PCA-MLP的对比寻优。结果表明,PCA-DA,PCA-MLRA和PCA-MLP模型均能完成对稻瘟病害的预测,但PCA-MLP模型的平均预测准确率能够达到91.7%,相比PCA-DA和PCA-MLRA模型,在稻瘟病害3个等级上均具有较好的分类和预测能力。     

Synthesis of Nitrogen Incorporated Carbon Nanotubes with Different Diameters by Catalytic Pyrolysis of Butylamine

Bamboo-like nitrogen-doped carbon(CNx) nanotubes were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at a high reaction temperature of 600―900 °C. The butylamine and Fe/SBA-15 molecular sieve have been used as precursor and catalyst, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) observations show that the outer diameter and wall thickness as well as the inner diameter were increased with increasing reaction temperature in a temperature range of 600―800 °C. A synergism mechanism of the growth through bulk diffusion and the competitive growth through surface diffusion functions during the synthesis of CNx nanotubes was proposed.     

Fabrication of polymer compound microlens by lens-on-lens microstructures

We proposed a novel method for fabricating polymer compound microlenses (PCMLs) using micro-inkjet technique and subsequent curing process. Two different types of PCMLs with sandwich microstructure (PDMS-Glycerol-PDMS), concave and convex PCMLs, have been designed and fabricated in experiments. Convex PCML has two real images and two foci. The concave PCML has one real and one virtual focal planes, which can generate one real image and one virtual image respectively. Moreover, the diameter of concave PCML can be controlled by adjusting the curing time and temperature. The proposed method is simple, efficient and suitable for realizing large-scale high numerical aperture PCMLs array, which has potential applications in diverse optical systems such as optical storage and three-dimensional imaging.     

高频聚焦超声声场和温度场的仿真研究

为探究临床常用的7 MHz高频聚焦超声在多层生物组织中的声传播以及毫秒级时间内的生物传热规律问题,基于Westervelt方程和Pennes传热方程,使用有限元方法建立高频聚焦超声辐照多层组织的非线性热黏性声传播及传热模型。首先分析了线性模型和非线性模型之间的差异,然后在非线性模型下探究换能器的参数对声场和温度场的影响。仿真结果显示：在7 MHz频率下,当换能器输出声功率超过5 W时,声波传播的非线性效应不可忽视(p <0.05);当声功率从5 W增大到15 W时,非线性模型与线性模型预测的温度偏差从20%增加到34.703%;高频聚焦超声波的非线性行为比低频更加显著,基频能量向高次谐波转移的程度增大,声功率为10 W和15 W时4次谐波与基波之比分别达到7.33%和12.12%;高频换能器参数的改变对组织中声场和温度场分布的影响较大,换能器焦距从12 mm减小到11.2 mm,焦点处最高温度增加了77%。结果表明,7 MHz聚焦超声的非线性声传播需要考虑到4次谐波的影响。该文提出的多层组织非线性仿真模型可为高频聚焦超声换能器参数优化及制定安全、有效的术前治疗方案提供理论参考。     

氧化石墨烯/聚电解质层层自组装制备单价离子选择性膜

采用层层自组装法在改性聚丙烯腈(PAN)膜表面交替沉积聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)和聚丙烯酸-氧化石墨烯(PAA-GO)混合液,制得了单价离子选择性复合膜。X射线衍射(XRD)测试结果表明成功合成了氧化石墨烯(GO)并在复合膜中均匀分散。扫描电镜(SEM)观察结果证实了多层聚电解质PEI/PAA-GO成功地组装在基膜上,并用紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱进一步证实了组装过程的均匀性和连续性。接触角和性能测试表明加入GO后,复合膜的亲水性和单价阳离子的选择性明显增大。这种高通量、高选择性的防污复合膜在分离和水的软化方面有很好的应用前景。     

Fabrication of Covalently Linked PAH/PVS Layer-by-layer Assembled Multilayers via a Post-photochemical Cross-linking Strategy

A post-photochemical cross-linking strategy was successfully demonstrated to enhance the stability of polyelectrolyte poly(allylamine hydrochloride)(PAH)/poly(vinylsulfonic acid sodium salt)(PVS) multilayers. Conventional polyelectrolyte multilayers of PAH/PVS are usually fabricated through electrostatic layer-by-layer(LbL) assembly, resulting in poor stability, especially in basic solutions, which leads to the urgent demand for converting weak electrostatic interactions into covalent bonds to enhance the stability of the multilayers. This stability problem has been ultimately addressed by post-infiltrating a photosensitive cross-linking agent, 4,4'-diazostilbene-2,2'- disulfonic acid disodium salt(DAS), into the LbL assembled films to initiate the photochemical reaction to cross-link the multilayers. The obviously improved stability of the photo-cross-linked multilayers was demonstrated through experiments with basic solution treatments. Compared to the complete decomposition of uncross-linked multilayers in basic solution, over 74.4% of the covalently cross-linked multilayers were retained under the same conditions, even after a longer duration of basic solution treatment.     

Effect of surface hydrogenation on the topological properties of multilayer graphene

We have investigated effects of surface hydrogenation on the topological properties of multilayer graphene by using density functional theory calculations and a tight-binding model. Hydrogen adsorption on a dimer site of a surface layer decouples the surface layer from the rest of the layers. Hydrogen adsorption on a nondimer site introduces a band mixing between the hydrogenated graphene and the rest of the graphene layers. The valley Hall effects and spin-valley-resolved Chern numbers of multilayer graphene, calculated as a function of the sublattice potential and the potential perpendicular to the layers, was found to be sensitive to details of inversion symmetry-breaking potentials. While the topological invariant depends on the adsorption site and spin polarization, surface-hydrogenated M-layer graphene was found to be topologically equivalent to (M-1)-layer graphene under inversion symmetry-breaking potentials regardless of the adsorption site.     

Giant magnetoimpedance in FM/SiO2/Cu/SiO2/FM films at GHz frequencies

We study the magnetic properties at high frequency of new structures of the tri-layer samples. The magnetoimpedance effect was analyzed in FM/i/Cu/i/FM sandwiched layers, where the ferromagnetic layer (FM) is, in fact, a multilayered film [F (10 nm)+Cu (1 nm)]×50 and F is the amorphous ferromagnetic alloy Fe_73.5Cu₁Nb₃Si_13.5B₉ and i is an isolating layer produced by magnetron sputtering. The effect of, both, the probe current frequency (in the range 10 MHz–1.8 GHz) and the dimensions of the magnetic and non-magnetic layers of the MI response were investigated. A comparison between samples with and without the isolating layer is discussed. MI ratios of 220% were obtained for samples at 180 MHz with a ferromagnetic and Cu width layers of 2 and 1 mm, respectively.     

Assembly and Characterization of Rare-earth-containing Polyoxometalate [Eu （P2Mo17O61）2]^17- and Poly（allylamine hydrochloride） Multilayer Films

The ultrathin multilayer films of rare-earth-containing polyoxometalate cluster K17[Eu(P2Mo17O61)2](EuPMo) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) have been prepared by the Layer-by-Layer(LbL) selfassembly method. The photoluminescent behavior of the films investigated at room temperature shows the Eu^3 characteristic emission pattern of ^5Do→^7FJ(J=1—4). The occurrence of the photoluminescent activity confirms the potential of creating luminescent multilayer films with polyoxometalates (POMs).     

Magnetic superlattices and multilayers

We briefly review the active areas of current research in magnetic superlattices, emphasizing later years. With recent widening use of advanced technologies, more emphasis has been made on quantitative atomic level chemical and structural characterization. Examples where the multilayer structure has been controlled, characterized and correlated with the physical properties are discussed. The physical properties are categorized according to the complexity of a structure needed to observe a particular effect. We outline a number of general important unsolved problems, which could considerably benefit from theoretical and experimental input. An extensive list of magnetic multilayer materials is provided, with references to recent publications.